Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 82
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 396
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$drawer is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$articles_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 10
Function: model
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$template is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 132
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 294
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 168
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 237
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 282
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 289
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 304
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 375
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Pages::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$drawer is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$articles_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$template is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/libraries/Template.php
Line: 51
Function: view
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/application/controllers/Pages.php
Line: 58
Function: load
File: /home/mjasi/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
MJASI (The Malawi Journal of Applied Sciences and Innovation) is an international peer review open access full publication of The Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS). MJASI publishes original research and review articles on various aspects of Applied Sciences.
MJASI's policy is to disseminate, as widely as possible, well written, high quality articles on findings of applied scientific research, in such subject areas as Applied Biology, Applied Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Biochemistry, Built Environment, Information and Communication Technologies, Community Health, Computer Science, Ecology, Energy, Engineering, Entomology, Environment, Epidemiology, E-Services, Food Safety & Hygiene, Food Technology, Grid Computing, Infectious Diseases, Information Systems, Mathematics & Statistics, Microbiology, Nanotechnology, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Safety, Robotics, Telecommunications, Water Supply and Sanitation, Web Technology.
The journal is accredited by the Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences. All submissions to MJASI are peer reviewed using the set criteria of relevance, quality, importance, originality, clarity and adherence to the journal's aims and scope.